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Menstruation is a normal function of the reproductive system in females, but for many, this function isn't easy. Menstrual cramps are a common experience of pain in the lower abdomen faced by women. It may be mild or severe and may also be accompanied by other symptoms such as lower back pain, nausea, headache, diarrhoea, and amny more. It can vary from premenstrual syndrome (PMS), which comprises emotional and physical signs like bloating, irritability, and tiredness, and usually starts before menstruation.

The menstrual cramps affect millions of women worldwide, often interfering with daily activities and overall quality of life. 

Types Of Menstrual Cramps:

According to Dr Alok Dey, who is the HOD - Dept. of Gynaecology and Obstetrics at Techno India DAMA Hospital, "Painful menstrual periods, also known as dysmenorrhea, are classified into two main categories, primary and secondary."

He explains, "Primary dysmenorrhea refers to the pain with no identifiable underlying pelvic pathology, commonly seen in young adults and adolescents. It can be caused by biochemicals, specifically prostaglandins, where the painkillers and assurance can be beneficial."

"Underlying conditions like endometriosis, uterine fibroids, adenomyosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and ovarian cysts can be seen in secondary dysmenorrhea," says the doctor.

Unlike primary dysmenorrhea, pain aggravates with time; it may require diagnostic modalities to diagnose the pathology and specific treatment.

Beyond the medications and treatments, many health experts emphasise the powerful role of diet and exercise, which can be beneficial in managing menstrual discomfort.

The Role Of Diet And Exercise

According to Dr Payel Kr Roy, who is the HOD of the Dietetics Dept & Critical Care Nutritionist at Techno India DAMA Hospital, "Diet and exercise bring a range of health benefits as well as improving the experience of having periods."

"A growing body of evidence suggests diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, calcium and vitamin D, and low in animal fats, salt and caffeine, may reduce the risk of troublesome PMS symptoms," she further explains.

She suggests a balanced menstrual-friendly diet that will include:

• Plenty of vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, and whole grains like brown rice, oats, and buckwheat for the consumption of Omega-3.
• Low-fat dairy, tofu, broccoli, and fish with bones like salmon and sardines for calcium.
• Lean meat (red meat or chicken), which is an important source of iron and protein, especially for women with heavy periods.
• Drink more water and herbal teas such as chamomile.

[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article, including treatment suggestions shared by doctors, is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]