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According to the Times of Indianon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) occurs when excess fat accumulates in the liver without excessive alcohol consumption. It is commonly linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. NAFLD can range from simple fat buildup to more serious conditions like non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer.

ACV, made through a two-step fermentation process that turns apple juice into alcohol and then into acetic acid, is a popular remedy for various health issues. Animal studies have shown that ACV can reduce liver fat, improve insulin resistance, and lower cholesterol and glucose levels. For instance, a 2025 study on rainbow trout with NAFLD found that low concentrations of ACV (~2%) reduced liver fat, triglycerides, and enzyme markers (ALT, AST), while higher doses (~4%) worsened the condition.

Similarly, rodent studies have indicated that ACV can lower liver fat from around 56% to 20%, improve lipid profiles, and reduce glucose levels. A 2021 study published in the U.S. National Library of Medicine suggested that ACV may help lower cholesterol and fasting glucose, which could indirectly benefit fatty liver disease. These benefits are thought to be linked to acetic acid’s ability to enhance fat oxidation and reduce metabolic stress.

However, experts caution that these findings are based on animal models, and human research on ACV’s effects on fatty liver is limited. More human studies are needed to establish a direct link between ACV and fatty liver disease.

Health professionals also emphasize that ACV should be regarded as a supplement, not a cure, for fatty liver disease. The most effective way to manage or reverse fatty liver is through long-term lifestyle changes, including balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and medical guidance.