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A bruise forms when small blood vessels under the skin break after an injury, causing blood to pool and discolour the area. While most bruises are harmless, deeper injuries can sometimes lead to blood clots. According to a study published in the Archives of Internal Medicine, even minor leg injuries like sprains can increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT is a serious condition where a clot forms in a deep vein, often in the legs. If the clot travels to the lungs, it can cause a life-threatening pulmonary embolism. Early detection is key to preventing serious complications.



Understanding bruises and blood clots
A bruise, medically known as a haematoma, occurs when small blood vessels beneath the skin break due to an injury. This causes blood to leak and pool under the skin, resulting in the familiar discoloration and tenderness. Bruises are generally harmless and heal on their own within a couple of weeks.

A blood clot, on the other hand, is a thicker, gel-like collection of blood that forms inside blood vessels to stop bleeding. While clots are essential to prevent excessive bleeding after injury, they can become dangerous if they form inside veins or arteries and block normal blood flow.



From bruises to blood clots: Warning symptoms to monitor
Occasionally, what looks like an ordinary bruise could signal something more serious. Monitor carefully if you notice:

• Persistent bruising lasting more than two weeks, without signs of healing
• A bone-deep lump or firm swelling under the skin that doesn't subside
• Warmth, redness, or ongoing swelling around the affected area
• Pain that intensifies, especially if it resists usual pain relief measures
• Noticeable vein prominence or cord-like structures visible near the surface

If a clot dislodges, urgent symptoms may follow, sharp chest pain, sudden breathlessness, rapid heartbeat, or coughing up blood, professional emergency care is imperative.



Who is at higher risk of clots after bruising
Some individuals have an elevated clotting risk following injury:

• People aged 60 plus , or those with mobility limitations
• Individuals with genetic clotting disorders or a family history of DVT
• Smokers, especially combined with other risk factors
• Users of hormone-based treatments
• Those with recent long-haul travel, prolonged bed rest, or dehydration

Diagnosis and treatment options
Healthcare professionals may investigate suspected clots using:

Ultrasound scans to visualise clots in veins
CT or MRI imaging for deeper or unclear areas
Blood tests, such as D-dimer levels, though they may require context

Treatment protocols may include:

Blood thinners to inhibit clot growth
Surgical or catheter-based clot removal, if necessary
Compression stockings to aid circulation and reduce swelling
Lifestyle guidance such as early ambulation, hydration, and compression therapy



Preventative measures after injury
To reduce clot risk:

• Apply ice compresses for 24-48 hours after a bruise, then switch to gentle heat to stimulate blood flow
• Stay active-stand, walk, or gently flex your legs regularly, especially during recovery or travel
• Maintain hydration and minimise alcohol during healing periods, which supports circulation
• Elevate injured limbs when resting to reduce blood pooling and swelling

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your health routine or treatment.



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