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A comprehensive global meta-analysis, published by the Oxford University Press in its Human Reproduction Update, 2017, found a 50–60% drop in sperm count between 1973 and 2011 among men in North America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. This decline — about 1.4% per year — was seen across both fertile and general populations.

India, too, has not been spared. A study published by the Male Reproductive Biology Laboratory, Lucknow, published in Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology (2018), showed a significant deterioration in semen quality among Indian men over a 37-year period.

Why Experts Are Concerned

Recent coverage in The Guardian highlights that sperm counts globally have been declining at an even faster pace since 2000 — over 2% annually. Scientists point to environmental toxins such as phthalates and bisphenols, commonly found in plastics, which can disrupt hormones and reproductive health.

“Fertility issues have long been seen as a woman’s problem, but in reality, male factors are responsible for almost half of all infertility cases worldwide,” says Dr. Nishi Singh, Head, Prime IVF.

She adds that despite scientific evidence, myths and misconceptions about male fertility still thrive—causing confusion, stigma, and stress among men.

Myths vs Facts About Male Fertility

Myth 1: Male fertility declines only after 50

“Although men can father children even at later ages, sperm quality begins to decline around 35 and worsens after 40,” explains Dr. Singh. Ageing men face reduced motility and higher DNA fragmentation, raising miscarriage and genetic risks.

Myth 2: Frequent ejaculation permanently reduces sperm count

Dr. Singh clarifies: “Sperm production never stops. While sperm count may be lower immediately after ejaculation, it bounces back quickly. In fact, regular ejaculation may improve sperm quality by expelling older sperm.”

Myth 3: Tight underwear causes infertility

While prolonged heat (hot tubs, saunas, heat waves) can lower sperm temporarily, everyday use of snug briefs does not cause infertility. “Loose boxers might help a little, but it’s heat exposure, not underwear style, that matters,” says Dr. Singh.

Myth 4: Alcohol and smoking don’t affect sperm

“This is false,” stresses Dr. Singh. Smoking damages DNA, lowers motility, and reduces sperm counts. Heavy drinking disrupts hormone levels and can impair sexual function. Moderate drinking may be safe, but excessive alcohol should be avoided when trying to conceive.

Myth 5: Stress has no impact on sperm

Psychological and physical stress lowers testosterone, causing reduced libido and even sexual dysfunction. Dr. Singh advises managing stress with exercise, meditation, proper sleep, or counselling.

What Really Affects Sperm Health

Lifestyle Habits: Diets rich in antioxidants, vitamins (C, D, E), and minerals (zinc, selenium) support sperm health. Obesity, poor nutrition, and inactivity damage sperm quality.

[Disclaimer: The information provided in the article, including treatment suggestions shared by doctors, is intended for general informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.]