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In five charts, how safe is tap water in India?
Scroll | February 28, 2026 1:39 AM CST

One in four water samples collected from India’s household tap connections did not meet microbiological standards, according to a 2024 assessment of the Jal Jeevan Mission. While 76% of samples passed laboratory tests, 24% did not, according to the Ministry of Jal Shakti’s national report.

Three in four households report that they do not use any treatment method before consuming water. This means, millions of Indian families are receiving low quality water, which they consume without any treatment or filtration, making them prone to several infections and conditions. Despite this, 92.4% of surveyed households reported satisfaction with the quality of tap water.

Public institutions recorded lower pass rates than households: 73% water samples collected from schools, anganwadis and health facilities passed microbiological quality tests. This means children, pregnant women and new mothers, and care-seeking Indians are drinking substandard water.

But monitoring remains weak: Field Test Kits, used for basic on-site water testing, were absent in 73% villages. This low penetration of test kits means communities can't know their water is failing.

As long as the water looks, tastes and smells clean, people tend to assume it is safe for consumption – an assumption that was found in long-term studies in countries such as Norway, Canada, and over the years...

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