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Supreme Court dismisses PIL challenging caste enumeration in upcoming Census
PTI | May 20, 2026 8:57 PM CST

Synopsis

Supreme Court of India has dismissed a Public Interest Litigation challenging the Centre’s decision to conduct caste enumeration during the upcoming Census, stating that the exercise falls within the domain of government policy-making. The apex court observed that collecting caste-related data can help authorities assess the population of backward classes and design targeted welfare schemes and social justice measures more effectively. The ruling is being seen as a significant development in the ongoing national debate over caste-based data collection and policy planning.

The Supreme Court on Wednesday rejected a PIL challenging the Centre's decision to conduct caste-based Census, saying the issue falls under the policy domain.

New Delhi: The Supreme Court on Wednesday rejected a PIL challenging the Centre's decision to conduct caste-based Census, saying the issue falls under the policy domain.

The top court said the government must know the number of persons belonging to backward castes to frame welfare measures.

A bench comprising Chief Justice Surya Kant and justices Joymalya Bagchi and Vipul Pancholi did not agree to the submissions of PIL petitioner Sudhakar Gummula, who appeared in person to argue his case, that plenty of information and figures were available with the government on caste details.


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"These are all policy matters, whether the Census should be caste-based or not. What is wrong with it? ... the government must know as to how many people are in the backward class, what kind of welfare measures are to be taken for them. It is within the policy domain," the CJI said while dismissing the PIL.

The 2027 Census, officially the 16th national Census, will be the first to include comprehensive caste enumeration since 1931 and the country's first fully digital census.


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