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Who decides whether a car is roadworthy??

Official bodies working under the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways of the Central Government are responsible for checking and certifying that any new vehicle meets all the criteria before it is actually put on the road in India. Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) and International Center for Automotive Technology (ICAT) play an important role in this.

‘Homogolation’ of the vehicle i.e. all technical checks are done by these institutes. In this, the vehicle’s engine, emission levels, brakes, lights, steering, tires and all other safety components are rigorously tested. Only after passing all the tests, the car is given legal approval to run on the road.

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Crash Test Rating System of India (India NCAP) how it works?

India has introduced its own independent vehicle safety assessment system, called the India New Car Assessment Program (India NCAP). The system is completely based on global standards and works in the following stages,

• Choice of Cars: Automobile manufacturers themselves send their cars for this test. Most of the time the original or best selling model of vehicle is selected for testing.
• Rigorous crash tests: Various crash tests of vehicles are conducted in a controlled environment in the laboratory. This creates different types of accidents like frontal collision at 64 km per hour, side collision at 50 km per hour and collision with a pole.
• Measurement by Dummy: Human-sized artificial mannequins (dummies) are installed inside the car, which are equipped with high-tech sensors. These sensors accurately measure the amount of pressure or injury to the head, chest and legs during an accident.
• Three main criteria of evaluation,

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1. Protection of adult passengers: How safe are the lives of older people in an accident?

2. Protection of Child Passengers: How effective are child safety mechanisms?

3. Safety Assistive Technology: Safety features like in-car airbags, electronic stability control and seatbelt reminder.

• Star Rating: The vehicle is rated between 1 and 5 stars by summing up the scores on all these criteria. The more stars, the safer the car is considered to be in an accident.