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Early symptoms that may signal a problem

Warning signs of heart disease are not always dramatic. Some people may experience chest heaviness during physical exertion, shortness of breath while climbing stairs, unusual tiredness, or discomfort spreading to the jaw, neck, or left arm.

In certain groups, especially those with diabetes, symptoms may be extremely mild or even absent. Any new discomfort that appears during activity or persists over time should not be ignored and deserves medical attention.

Medical tests used to assess heart blockages

No single blood test can directly confirm artery blockages, but several investigations together help doctors evaluate heart health more accurately:

• ECG (Electrocardiogram): Detects abnormal heart rhythms or signs of previous strain on the heart.
• Treadmill Test (TMT): Observes how the heart responds to physical exertion and helps identify exercise- changes.
• 2D Echocardiography: Examines heart structure, pumping ability, and valve movement.
• CT Coronary Angiography: Provides a detailed, non-invasive view of coronary arteries to detect narrowing or blockages.
• Coronary Calcium Score: Identifies early calcium deposits that suggest plaque buildup even before symptoms develop.
• Coronary Angiography: The most definitive test, where contrast dye is used to directly visualize artery narrowing or blockages.

Who should consider heart screening?

Doctors recommend that individuals with risk factors take preventive screening seriously, even if they feel healthy. These risk factors include diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, obesity, lack of physical activity, and a family history of heart disease.

Age is also an important factor. Men above 40 years and women after menopause are generally advised to undergo periodic heart evaluation, even in the absence of symptoms.