Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing health problems in India today. It occurs when the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood becomes higher than normal. There are mainly two types of diabetes:
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Type 1 Diabetes – The body does not produce insulin.
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Type 2 Diabetes – The body cannot use insulin properly.
Unhealthy diet, stress, lack of physical activity, and genetic factors are major reasons for its rising cases. If not controlled on time, diabetes can damage vital organs like the heart, kidneys, and especially the eyes.
How Diabetes Affects the EyesHigh blood sugar damages blood circulation and weakens the small blood vessels in the eyes. Over time, this can cause swelling, leakage, or abnormal growth of veins in the retina (the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye). The constant pressure can severely impact vision, leading to permanent loss of eyesight in advanced cases.
Eye Diseases Caused by DiabetesDiabetic Retinopathy
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Most common eye disease caused by diabetes.
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Occurs when blood vessels in the retina swell, leak, or grow abnormally.
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Can lead to partial or complete blindness if untreated.
Diabetic Macular Edema (DME)
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Swelling of the macula (central part of the retina responsible for sharp vision).
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Causes blurred or distorted central vision.
Cataract
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Diabetes increases the risk of early cataract formation.
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Leads to clouding of the eye lens, making vision hazy.
Glaucoma
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High sugar can increase eye pressure, damaging the optic nerve.
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Gradually reduces side vision and may cause blindness if not treated.
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Blurred or fluctuating vision.
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Difficulty seeing near or far.
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Flashes of light or floating black spots in front of the eyes.
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Trouble recognizing colors.
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Redness, irritation, or dryness in the eyes.
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Gradual or sudden vision loss.
Ignoring these signs can increase the risk of irreversible blindness.
How to Protect Your Eyes from Diabetes Damage-
Monitor blood sugar levels regularly.
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Eat a healthy diet – reduce sugary, oily, and processed foods.
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Exercise or practice yoga daily to improve blood circulation.
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Avoid smoking and alcohol, as they worsen eye and blood vessel health.
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Get an eye check-up at least once a year, even if there are no symptoms.
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Seek immediate medical help if you notice sudden vision changes.
