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Carrot is one of the most popular winter vegetables in India. Rich in vitamin A, fiber, potassium, vitamin K and antioxidants, it offers multiple health benefits, including improved eyesight, better heart health and enhanced skin quality. However, carrots available in the market are often treated with chemicals. If you want fresh, organic and chemical-free carrots, you can easily grow them at home. Whether you have a balcony, terrace or backyard garden, carrot cultivation is simple and rewarding.

This guide explains step by step how to prepare soil, sow seeds, care for the plants and harvest healthy carrots at home. Once harvested, you can use them to prepare any dish you love.

Best season to grow carrots
Carrots can be grown throughout the year, but the ideal sowing period for Indian carrot varieties is August to October. European varieties grow best when planted between October and November. Carrots grow quickly in cool weather and require very little maintenance.

How to grow carrots from seeds
Carrot seeds are easily available at any nursery. Use a pot or grow bag that is at least 30–40 cm deep. Sow the seeds 1 cm deep in loose soil. Maintain 10–12 cm spacing between seeds and 20–25 cm between rows. Water lightly after sowing; the soil should settle but not become soggy. Seeds usually germinate within 2–3 weeks. When the seedlings develop 3–4 leaves, thin them out and maintain about 3–5 cm spacing between plants.

Soil preparation
Carrots need loose, light and well-drained soil; compact soil prevents their roots from growing straight. Prepare the soil using the following mix:
• 40 percent garden soil or cow-dung mix
• 40 percent compost or nutrient-rich manure
• 20 percent sand or vermiculite

Sunlight, watering and fertilizers
Carrot plants require 5–6 hours of sunlight daily. Overwatering should be avoided; water only when the soil surface starts to dry. In winter, watering 2–3 times a week is usually enough. Use compost initially; after 30–40 days, you may add a mild, potash-rich fertilizer if required.

When and how to harvest
Small carrot varieties are ready to harvest in 60–70 days, while larger ones may take 80–100 days. To harvest, loosen the soil first and gently pull the roots to avoid breakage. Wipe them clean and store them in a cool, dry place or in the refrigerator’s crisper section in a plastic bag.

Additional care tips
To prevent insect attacks, spray the plants lightly with neem oil. Remove dry or damaged leaves regularly. If you notice carrot fly larvae, cover the crop with a mesh or net for protection. Check the plants periodically for any signs of pests.