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Jallikattu, associated with the traditional culture of Tamil Nadu, is once again in the center of discussion. While this bull taming game, organized every year on the occasion of Pongal, is considered a symbol of Tamil identity and tradition, on the other hand, questions have been raised regarding animal rights and safety. In recent years, there has been a long debate between the Supreme Court, the state government and social organizations regarding Jallikattu.

On one hand it is being described as a cultural heritage thousands of years old, while on the other hand it is being linked to cruelty towards animals. In such a situation, organizing Jallikattu along with Pongal not only creates a festive atmosphere in the villages, but it has also become a big example of the conflict of tradition, law and modern thinking. This year, the traditional Jallikattu event will be celebrated on January 16 and January 17 at Palamedu and Alanganallur near Madurai.

what is jallikattu

Jallikattu is called Bull Taming Sport in English. In this, a powerful native bull is released in an open space and the youth try to control the bull by holding its hump. In this the bull is neither killed nor slaughtered. The aim is only to show which young man can control the strength, speed and ferocity of the bull.

Why is Jallikattu done?

Traditionally, the purpose of Jallikattu has been to identify and conserve the native breed of bulls rather than entertainment. In ancient times, strong and healthy bulls were required for farming. Through Jallikattu it was seen which bull was the most powerful, agile and tolerant. Such bulls were later selected for breeding, so that a good breed could come forward. Apart from this, it was also a medium to showcase the bravery, strength and courage of the youth.

Practices and traditions to Jallikattu

Jallikattu is usually held during the Pongal festival celebrated at the time of Makar Sankranti. This festival is associated with farming and harvesting. It is celebrated like a festival in villages. The bulls are first well fed, decorated and their horns are painted. At many places, a cloth or flag is tied on the horns of the bull. According to tradition, the bull is respected like a member of the family.

How is Jallikattu done?

An open ground is chosen to organize Jallikattu. The bulls are let out through a narrow passage or enclosure. As soon as the bull comes out, the youth try to stop it for some distance by holding its hump or walk along with it. The young man who manages to handle the bull for the stipulated time or distance is considered the winner. During this period, it is not allowed to injure the bull or use weapons. However, in reality many times accidents also happen, due to which this game has been in controversies.

When and how did Jallikattu start?

According to historians, the tradition of Jallikattu is considered to be more than 2000 years old. It is mentioned in Tamil literature, especially in the works of the Sangam period. In old Tamil texts it is called ‘Eruthu Kattu’, which means taming the bull. At that time, it was an event held under the patronage of kings and landlords. The bravest youth of the village received special respect in the society and many times such youth were given priority for marriage.

Controversy and modern era

In modern times, animal rights organizations have raised questions regarding Jallikattu. He says that this involves cruelty to animals. For this reason, the Supreme Court had also banned it at one time. Later the Tamil Nadu government changed the law and allowed it again as a cultural tradition. Today the event is conducted under government regulations, veterinary supervision and safety standards.